Graphite
Description:
- Dark gray to black, opaque mineral with a metallic luster.
- Very soft and greasy to the touch, can leave a black mark like pencil lead.
- Feels slippery due to the weak bonding between its layers.
Uses:
- Pencils: The most common use of graphite is in pencil lead, where it is mixed with clay to create a solid writing implement.
- Lubricants: Because of its slippery nature, graphite is a great dry lubricant. It is used in locks, hinges, and other mechanical parts where oil-based lubricants are not desirable.
- Electrodes: Graphite is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity. This makes it a valuable material for electrodes in batteries, furnaces, and other electrical applications.
- Composite materials: Graphite fibers can be used to strengthen other materials, such as polymers, to create lightweight and strong composites.
- Nuclear reactors: Graphite can be used as a moderator in nuclear reactors to slow down neutrons and control the nuclear reaction.
Chemical Composition:
- Pure carbon (C).
Physical Properties:
- Crystal system: Hexagonal
- Density: 2.09–2.23 g/cm3
- Melting point: 3,500 °C (6,332 °F) (sublimes)
- Boiling point: Not applicable (sublimes)
- Electrical conductivity: Good
- Thermal conductivity: Excellent
Safety Information:
- Graphite is generally considered safe for most applications.
- However, inhaling graphite dust can irritate the lungs. Wear a dust mask when handling large quantities of graphite powder.
- Graphite is not flammable, but it can conduct electricity. Avoid using graphite in applications where electrical conductivity could be a hazard.
